Previous Fora / 2003
Speakers
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Professor Craig Venter |
| President of the Center for
the Advancement of Genomics USA |
After serving in the Navy Medical Corps in DaNang, Vietnam in 1967-1968, J. Craig Venter received his Ph.D. in 1975 in Physiology and Pharmacology from the University of California, San Diego. Between 1984-1992, he was a Section Chief, and a Lab Chief, in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 1992, he left NIH and founded The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), a not-for-profit genomic research institution where he served as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Scientific Officer until May of 1998, when he, along with Perkin-Elmer (now known as Applera), announced the formation of Celera Genomics, where Dr. Venter acted as president until January of 2002. Today, Dr. Venter is the President of the J. Craig Venter Science Foundation, which is committed to explore new ways to foster science education and science innovation while providing administrative support and coordinating policy and research activities between The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA) and The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), all not-for-profit organizations.
Dr. Venter's contributions to the field of genomics have dramatic implications for almost every aspect of biology and medicine. Prior Dr. Venter's advances, gene discovery and genome sequence projects were unavoidably slow and tedious; milestones for achieving even intermediary goals were measured in decades. Dr. Venter uniquely had the vision, coupled with the sequencing and bioinformatic prowess, to see things differently. Beginning as early as 1988 while he still at the NIH, Dr. Venter began to appreciate and implement the power of automated DNA sequencing when he developed a new approach, that he named "expressed sequence tag"(EST), a random cDNA library sequencing strategy for rapid gene discovery. Dr. Venter had the vision to understand that, as his team developed the algorithms and computational power to process this kind of information, they were at the same time laying the groundwork for a new way to sequence and assemble entire genomes of free-living organisms. He and his scientific team applied these approaches to Hemophilus influenzae, and published their results in 1995. The 1995 paper was the first time that the entire genome of a free- living organism had been sequenced and published. Only five years after publishing the first genome Dr. Venter applied his approach to the Drosophila genome, accomplishing in less than one year what took others over ten years with smaller genomes. As is known to all now, Dr. Venter's team at Celera sequenced the human and the mouse opening up an entire new world of biology and medicine.
Dr. Venter has published more than 220 research articles and is one of the most cited scientists in biology and medicine. He has been the recipient of numerous awards, including the Takeda Award 2001 Techno-Entrepreneurial Achievement for Individual/Humanity Well-Being, Prince of Asturias for Technical and Scientific Research, Third Annual Biotechnology Heritage Award, King Faisal Award in Science, the Common Wealth Award, the Gabbay Award, and the Beckman Award. In addition to receiving honorary doctoral degrees in science, medicine, and surgery for his pioneering work, he has been elected a Fellow of several societies.
It is clear Dr. Venter has given much thought to the implications of his work. The following is an excerpt from a speech J. Craig Venter gave the Commonwealth Club on March 5, 2002. "Young scientists today have the ability, for the first time in history, to obtain the answer to almost any biological question. I believe that genomics, more than any other field of science today, has the potential to be transforming for good for both science and society as a whole. This information will impact nearly everything in our daily lives, from enabling a more complete understanding of basic biochemistry to trying to interpret the genetic code of anthrax and other key pathogens for new ways to combat biological weapons and infectious disease, to exploring human genetic variation as a new route toward preventative medicines and designing better treatments for human diseases, and finally, to fully comprehending our own evolution."
In an effort to make his vision a reality, Dr. Venter and TGAC have recently collaborated (MAY 2003) with Duke University Medical Center to create the first fully-integrated, comprehensive practice of genomic-based prospective medicine. In a TCAG press release Dr. Venter stated Ňone of my reasons for wanting to sequence the human genome more rapidly was to get to this point in history where genomics could begin to be used to better understand and potentially treat or prevent human disease. We are delighted to collaborate with Duke in this endeavor, given its preeminence in the fields of clinical medicine and research. The collaboration between TCAG and Duke is the first extensive step toward my long-term goal of enabling everyone to participate in the genomics revolution, which has the power to transform our lives. This is a basic research collaboration that may take several years to see results, but it is a necessary first step toward a time when all of us can use our genomic information to better understand our future health outcomes.
Resources on the Web
J. Craig HVenter Science Foundation:
http://www.venterscience.org/
The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR):
http://www.tigr.org/
Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA):
http://www.bioenergyalts.org/
The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG):
http://www.tcag.org/
National Human Genome Research Institute:
http://www.genome.gov
CNN.com interview with Craig Venter
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/story/interviews/venter.html
Craig Venter, Commonwealth Club Speech and Interview _ 5
March 2002
http://www.commonwealthclub.org/archive/02/02-03venter-intro.html
Articles
T M S Wolever, H H Vorster, I Bjšrck, J Brand-Miller, F Brighenti, J I Mann, D D Ramdath, Y Granfeldt, S Holt, T L Perry, C Venter, Xiaomei Wu. Determination of the glycaemic index of foods: interlaboratory study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition57, 475 - 482 (01 Mar 2003) Communications
Summary: Objective: Practical use of the glycaemic index (GI), as recommended by the FAO/WHO, requires an evaluation of the recommended method. Our purpose was to...
J. Craig Venter, Samuel Levy, Tim Stockwell, Karin Remington, Aaron Halpern. Massive parallelism, randomness and genomic advances. Nature Genetics33, 219 - 227 (01 Mar 2003) Review
Summary: In reviewing the past decade, it is clear that genomics was, and still is, driven by innovative technologies, perhaps more so than any other...
Adams, Mark D.; Sutton, Granger G.; Smith, Hamilton O.;Myers, Eugene W.; Venter, J. Craig. The independence of our genome assemblies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 3/18/2003, Vol. 100 Issue 6, p3025, 2p
Abstract: Examines Celera Genomics Corp.'s assembly of the human genome. Construction of Celera assemblies on the basis of mate-pair information from Celera sequence data; Criteria in judging an assembly; Simulation of genome assembly.
John F. Heidelberg, Ian T. Paulsen, Karen E. Nelson, Eric J. Gaidos, William C. Nelson, Timothy D. Read, Jonathan A. Eisen, Rekha Seshadri, Naomi Ward, Barbara Methe, Rebecca A. Clayton, Terry Meyer, Alexandre Tsapin, James Scott, Maureen Beanan, Lauren Brinkac, Sean Daugherty, Robert T. DeBoy, Robert J. Dodson, A. Scott Durkin, Daniel H. Haft, James F. Kolonay, Ramana Madupu, Jeremy D. Peterson, Lowell A. Umayam, Owen White, Alex M. Wolf, Jessica Vamathevan, Janice Weidman, Marjorie Impraim, Kathy Lee, Kristy Berry, Chris Lee, Jacob Mueller, Hoda Khouri, John Gill, Terry R. Utterback, Lisa A. McDonald, Tamara V. Feldblyum, Hamilton O. Smith, J. Craig Venter, Kenneth H. Nealson, Claire M. Fraser. Genome sequence of the dissimilatory metal ionĐreducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. Nature Biotechnology 20, 1118 - 1123 (01 Nov 2002) Research
Summary: Shewanella oneidensis is an important model organism for bioremediation studies because of its diverse respiratory capabilities, conferred in part by multicomponent, branched electron transport...
Malcolm J. Gardner, Neil Hall, Eula Fung, Owen White, Matthew Berriman, Richard W. Hyman, Jane M. Carlton, Arnab Pain, Karen E. Nelson, Sharen Bowman, Ian T. Paulsen, Keith James, Jonathan A. Eisen, Kim Rutherford, Steven L. Salzberg, Alister Craig, Sue Kyes, Man-Suen Chan, Vishvanath Nene, Shamira J. Shallom, Bernard Suh, Jeremy Peterson, Sam Angiuoli, Mihaela Pertea, Jonathan Allen, Jeremy Selengut, Daniel Haft, Michael W. Mather, Akhil B. Vaidya, David M. A. Martin, Alan H. Fairlamb, Martin J. Fraunholz, David S. Roos, Stuart A. Ralph, Geoffrey I. McFadden, Leda M. Cummings, G. Mani Subramanian, Chris Mungall, J. Craig Venter, Daniel J. Carucci, Stephen L. Hoffman, Chris Newbold, Ronald W. Davis, Claire M. Fraser, Bart Barrell. Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 419, 498 - 511 (03 Oct 2002) Plasmodium Genomics
Summary: The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here...
Jane M. Carlton, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Bernard B. Suh, Taco W. Kooij, Mihaela Pertea, Joana C. Silva, Maria D. Ermolaeva, Jonathan E. Allen, Jeremy D. Selengut, Hean L. Koo, Jeremy D. Peterson, Mihai Pop, Daniel S. Kosack, Martin F. Shumway, Shelby L. Bidwell, Shamira J. Shallom, Susan E. van Aken, Steven B. Riedmuller, Tamara V. Feldblyum, Jennifer K. Cho, John Quackenbush, Martha Sedegah, Azadeh Shoaibi, Leda M. Cummings, Laurence Florens, John R. Yates, J. Dale Raine, Robert E. Sinden, Michael A. Harris, Deirdre A. Cunningham, Peter R. Preiser, Lawrence W. Bergman, Akhil B. Vaidya, Leo H. van Lin, Chris J. Janse, Andrew P. Waters, Hamilton O. Smith, Owen R. White, Steven L. Salzberg, J. Craig Venter, Claire M. Fraser, Stephen L. Hoffman, Malcolm J. Gardner, Daniel J. Carucci. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. Nature 419, 512 - 519 (03 Oct 2002) Plasmodium Genomics
Summary: Species of malaria parasite that infect rodents have long been used as models for malaria disease research. Here we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence...
Malcolm J. Gardner, Shamira J. Shallom, Jane M. Carlton, Steven L. Salzberg, Vishvanath Nene, Azadeh Shoaibi, Anne Ciecko, Jeffery Lynn, Michael Rizzo, Bruce Weaver, Behnam Jarrahi, Michael Brenner, Babak Parvizi, Luke Tallon, Azita Moazzez, David Granger, Claire Fujii, Cheryl Hansen, James Pederson, Tamara Feldblyum, Jeremy Peterson, Bernard Suh, Sam Angiuoli, Mihaela Pertea, Jonathan Allen, Jeremy Selengut, Owen White, Leda M. Cummings, Hamilton O. Smith, Mark D. Adams, J. Craig Venter, Daniel J. Carucci, Stephen L. Hoffman, Claire M. Fraser. Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 2, 10, 11 and 14. Nature 419, 531 - 534 (03 Oct 2002) Plasmodium Genomics
SUMMARY: The mosquito-borne malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum kills an estimated 0.7-2.7 million people every year, primarily children in sub-Saharan Africa. Without effective interventions, a variety...
Myers, Eugene W.; Sutton, Granger G.; Smith, Hamilton O.; Adams, Mark D.; Venter, J. Craig. On the sequencing and assembly of the human genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 4/2/2002, Vol. 99 Issue 7, p4145, 2p, 1 chart, 1 graph
Abstract: Focuses on the role of the Celera Genomics and the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium in the completion of the human genome assembly in the U.S. Reduction of negative rhetoric; Employment of the whole-genome shotgun technique in sequencing the human genome; Production of a draft sequence of the mouse genome.
Hoffman, Stephen L.; Subramanian, G. Mani; Collins, Frank H.; Venter, J. Craig. Plasmodium, human and Anopheles genomics and malaria. Nature, 2/7/2002, Vol. 415 Issue 6872, p702, 8p, 3 charts, 2 diagrams
Abstract: Investigates the role of functional genomics on malaria research. Status of Plasmodium sequencing projects; Biological insights from publicly available Plasmodium falciparum genomic sequence data; Demonstration of how genomic sequence facilitates target and lead identification for antimalarial drugs; Integrative analysis of malaria using genome-based computational and experimental approaches.
Subramanian, G.; Adams, Mark D.; Venter, J. Craig; Broder, Samuel. Implications of the Human Genome for Understanding Human Biology and Medicine. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 11/14/2001, Vol. 286 Issue 18, p2296, 12p, 3 charts, 4 diagrams, 3 graphs.
Abstract: Presents reflections on what knowledge of the human genome might mean for the future of medicine and how the knowledge relates to what was known in the era before the availability of the genome sequence. Issues addressed, including the number of protein-coding genes in the human genome and certain classes of noncoding repeat elements in the genome, features of genome evolution, including large-scale duplications, and an overview of the predicted protein set to highlight differences between the human genome and others.
Athanasios Theologis, Joseph R. Ecker, Curtis J. Palm, Nancy A. Federspiel, Samir Kaul, Owen White, Jose Alonso, Hootan Altafi, Rina Araujo, Cheryl L. Bowman, Shelise Y. Brooks, Eugen Buehler, April Chan, Qimin Chao, Huaming Chen, Rosa F. Cheuk, Christina W. Chin, Mike K. Chung, Lane Conn, Aaron B. Conway, Andrew R. Conway, Todd H. Creasy, Ken Dewar, Patrick Dunn, Pelin Etgu, Tamara V. Feldblyum, JiDong Feng, Betty Fong, Claire Y. Fujii, John E. Gill, Andrew D. Goldsmith, Brian Haas, Nancy F. Hansen, Beth Hughes, Lucas Huizar, Jonathan L. Hunter, Jennifer Jenkins, Chanda Johnson-Hopson, Shehnaz Khan, Elizabeth Khaykin, Christopher J. Kim, Hean L. Koo, Irina Kremenetskaia, David B. Kurtz, Andrea Kwan, Bao Lam, Stephanie Langin-Hooper, Andrew Lee, Jeong M. Lee, Catherine A. Lenz, Joycelyn. H. Li, YaPing Li, Xiaoying Lin, Shirley X. Liu, Zhaoying A. Liu, Jason S. Luros, Rama Maiti, Andre Marziali, Jennifer Militscher, Molly Miranda, Michelle Nguyen, William C. Nierman, Brian I. Osborne, Grace Pai, Jeremy Peterson, Paul K. Pham, Michael Rizzo, Timothy Rooney, Don Rowley, Hitomi Sakano, Steven L. Salzberg, Jody R. Schwartz, Paul Shinn, Audrey M. Southwick, Hui Sun, Luke J. Tallon, Gabriel Tambunga, Mitsue J. Toriumi, Christopher D. Town, Teresa Utterback, Susan Van Aken, Maria Vaysberg, Valentina S. Vysotskaia, Michelle Walker, Dongying Wu, Guixia Yu, Claire M. Fraser, J. Craig Venter, Ronald W. Davis. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408, 816 - 820 (14 Dec 2000) Special
Summary: The genome of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana has five chromosomes. Here we report the sequence of the largest, chromosome 1, in two contigs...
John F. Heidelberg, Jonathan A. Eisen, William C. Nelson, Rebecca A. Clayton, Michelle L. Gwinn, Robert J. Dodson, Daniel H. Haft, Erin K. Hickey, Jeremy D. Peterson, Lowell Umayam, Steven R. Gill, Karen E. Nelson, Timothy D. Read, HervŽ Tettelin, Delwood Richardson, Maria D. Ermolaeva, Jessica Vamathevan, Steven Bass, Haiying Qin, Ioana Dragoi, Patrick Sellers, Lisa McDonald, Teresa Utterback, Robert D. Fleishmann, William C. Nierman, Owen White, Steven L. Salzberg, Hamilton O. Smith, Rita R. Colwell, John J. Mekalanos, J. Craig Venter, Claire M. Fraser. DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Nature 406, 477 - 483 (03 Aug 2000) Article
SUMMARY: Here we determine the complete genomic sequence of the Gram negative, -Proteobacterium Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961 to be 4,033,460 base pairs (bp). The...
Venter, J. Craig. Clinton and Blair Shouldn't Destroy Our Research. Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition, 03/21/2000, Vol. 235 Issue 57, pA26, 0p, 1bw
Abstract: Comments on the efforts of United States President Bill Clinton and Great Britain Prime Minister Tony Blair to make raw genetic data available immediately. Information on the losses of genomics sector in the Nasdaq Stock Market; Why President Clinton issued statements that would adversely affect the biotechnology and genomics industry; Details on the research company Celera Genomics.
J. Craig Venter. Genome. Nature Medicine 6, 11 (01 Jan 2000) Book Review
Description: Matt Ridley begins his book with a simple truth. "The human genome--the......
Xiaoying Lin, Samir Kaul, Steve Rounsley, Terrance P. Shea, Maria-Ines Benito, Christopher D. Town, Claire Y. Fujii, Tanya Mason, Cheryl L. Bowman, Mary Barnstead, Tamara V. Feldblyum, C. Robin Buell, Karen A. Ketchum, John Lee, Catherine M. Ronning, Hean L. Koo, Kelly S. Moffat, Lisa A. Cronin, Mian Shen, Grace Pai, Susan Van Aken, Lowell Umayam, Luke J. Tallon, John E. Gill, Mark D. Adams, Ana J. Carrera, Todd H. Creasy, Howard M. Goodman, Chris R. Somerville, Greg P. Copenhaver, Daphne Preuss, William C. Nierman, Owen White, Jonathan A. Eisen, Steven L. Salzberg, Claire M. Fraser, J. Craig Venter. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 402, 761 - 768 (16 Dec 1999) Article
Summary: Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is unique among plant model organisms in having a small genome (130-140 Mb), excellent physical and genetic maps, and little repetitive DNA....
Lai, Zhongwu; Jing, Junping; Aston, Christopher; Clarke, Virginia; Apodaca, Jennifer; Dimalanta, Eileen T.; Carucci, Daniel J.; Gardner, Malcolm J.; Mishra, Bud; Anantharaman, Thomas S.; Paxia, Salvatore; Hoffman, Stephen L.; Venter, J. Craig; Huff, Edward J.; Schwartz, David C. A shotgun optical map of the entire Plasmodium falciparum genome. Nature Genetics, Nov99, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p309, 5p
Abstract: The unicellular parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the cause of human malaria, resulting in 1.7-2.5 million deaths each year. To develop new means to treat or prevent malaria, the Malaria Genome Consortium was formed to sequence and annotate the entire 24.6-Mb genome. The plan, already underway, is to sequence libraries created from chromosomal DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The AT-rich genome of P. falciparum presents problems in terms of reliable library construction and the relative paucity of dense physical markers or extensive genetic resources. To deal with these problems, we reasoned that a high-resolution, ordered restriction map overing the entire genome could serve as a scaffold for the alignment and verification of sequence contigs developed by members of the consortium. Thus optical mapping was advanced to use simply extracted, unfractionated genomic DNA as its principal substrate. Ordered restriction maps (BamHI and NheI) derived from single molecules were assembled into 14 deep contigs corresponding to the molecular karyotype determined by PFGE (ref. 3).[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Lin, Jieyi; Qi, Rong; Aston, Christopher; Jing, Junping; Anantharaman, Thomas S.; Mishra, Bud; White, Owen; Daly, Michael J.; Minton, Kenneth W.; Venter, J. Craig; Schwartz, David C. Whole-Genome Shotgun Optical Mapping of Deinococcus radiodurans. Science, 09/03/99, Vol. 285 Issue 5433, p1558, 5p, 3c, 7bw
Abstract: Presents research on whole-genome shotgun optical mapping of Deinococcus radiodurans. Use of very large, randomly sheared, genomic DNA fragments to construct maps from individual DNA molecules that were assembled into two circular overlapping maps without gaps; Identification and characterization of a third smaller chromosome.
Venter, J. Craig. Human Genome Promise. R&D Magazine, Jun99, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p40, 3p, 1 chart, 3c
Abstract: Offers observation on genomic research. Discussion on human genome sequencing projects of Celera Genomics; Implication of genomic research on human health, medical practice, harmacogenomics and agriculture; Features of the genomic research of Celera; Information on the other uses of genomic information.
Karen E. Nelson, Rebecca A. Clayton, Steven R. Gill, Michelle L. Gwinn, Robert J. Dodson, Daniel H. Haft, Erin K. Hickey, Jeremy D. Peterson, William C. Nelson, Karen A. Ketchum, Lisa McDonald, Teresa R. Utterback, Joel A. Malek, Katja D. Linher, Mina M. Garrett, Ashley M. Stewart, Matthew D. Cotton, Matthew S. Pratt, Cheryl A. Phillips, Delwood Richardson, John Heidelberg, Granger G. Sutton, Robert D. Fleischmann, Jonathan A. Eisen, Owen White, Steven L. Salzberg, Hamilton O. Smith, J. Craig Venter, Claire M. Fraser. Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Archaea and Bacteria from genome sequence of Thermotoga maritima. Nature 399, 323 - 329 (27 May 1999) Article
Summary: The 1,860,725-base-pair genome of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 contains 1,877 predicted coding regions, 1,014 (54%) of which have functional assignments and 863 (46%) of which...
Hoffman, Stephen L.; Rogers, William O.; Carucci, Daniel J.; Venter, J. Craig. From genomics to vaccines: Malaria as a model system. Nature Medicine, Dec98, Vol. 4 Issue 12, p1351, 3p
Abstract: Stephen Hoffman and colleagues from the Naval Medical Research Center and J. Craig Venter from TIGR propose a strategy for applying the wealth of information that will come from sequencing the entire genome of Plasmodium falciparum (the parasite that causes the fatal form of malaria) to the development of a malaria vaccine.[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Dougherty, Brian A.; Hill, Colin; Weidman, Janice F.; Richardson, Delwood R.; Venter, J. Craig; Ross, R. Paul. Sequence and analysis of the 60 kb conjugative, bacteriocin-producing plasmid pMRC01 from... Molecular Microbiology, Aug98, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p1029, 10p, 1 chart, 4 diagrams
Abstract: Examines the 60 kb conjugative bacteriocin-producing plasmid pMRC01 from Lactococcus lactis DPC3147. Use of shotgun sequencing approach; Identification of 64 open reading frames; Discussion of the three regions of the plasmid.
Venter, J. Craig; Adams, Mark D.; et al. Shotgun sequencing of the human genome. Science, 06/05/98, Vol. 280 Issue 5369, p1540, 3p, 1 chart, 1 diagram
Abstract: Presents an overview of the Human Genome Project (HGP). Its history; Technology created to assist in obtaining the goal of a complete map of the human genome; Use and definition of the shotgun strategy; Challenges to be faced.
Venter, J. Craig. Computing a slice of life. Forbes, 12/02/97 ASAP, Vol. 160 Issue 12, p183, 1p, 1bw
Abstract: Talks with J. Craig Venter, scientist and head of The Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland. Venter's work with the genome project; The number of computers and people employed in attempting to make sense of the information produced by the project.
Venter, Graig; Cohen, Daniel. The 21st century: The century of biology. NPQ: New Perspectives Quarterly, 1997 Special Issue, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p26, 6p
Abstract: States that the 21st century will be the century of the scientific study of life or biology. Fundamental level of the genetic code; Impact of the use of genomic information; Information on the reversibility principle.
Adams, Mark D.; Venter, J. Craig. Should non-peer-reviewed raw DNA sequence data release be forced on the scientific community? (cover story). Science, 10/25/96, Vol. 274 Issue 5287, p534, 3p
Abstract: Opinion. Argues that DNA sequence data should not be immediately released to the public. That view representing a departure from normal scientific practice; The need for peer review of all raw DNA sequence data before it is released to the public on the Internet or by other means; Need for rigorous quality control checks and annotation; Detailed argumentation.
Venter, J. Craig; Smith, Hamilton O. A new strategy for genome sequencing. Nature, 5/30/96, Vol. 381 Issue 6581, p364, 3p, 1 chart, 1 diagram, 3c
Abstract: Opinion. Discusses an alternative strategy to sequence human genome in which any number of laboratories can cooperate. Implications for the Human Genome Project; Traditional approach used in sequencing genome; Benefits of the alternative approach; Principles behind the alternative strategy; Clone libraries used for genome mapping and sequencing.